All hazardous material piping systems are supposed to be subjected to analysis according to OSHA regulations (29 CFR 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals
Analysis produces precise values of forces and moments at equipment connections so forces at pump, turbine, and pressure vessel nozzles are known. This information proves to be even more important than the stress in the piping because the loads allowed by API-610 (for pumps) and Sm-23 (for turbines) are considerably lower than loads imposed by a system with moderate pipe stresses.
If the piping is not analyzed the installed system could have a localized high point of stress that will weaken the piping until there is a violent rupture. Steam and high temperature hot water piping failures are extremely hazardous and must be avoided.
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